Oswin Mwemezi , Paschal Ruggajo, Jonathan Mngumi, and Francis F Furia
Background
People living with HIV globally were estimated to be about 37.9 million by 2018, of which 20.6 million were in Eastern and Southern Africa [1]. In Tanzania, around 1.4 million people were infected with HIV by 2019 [2]. PLHIV are at risk of developing renal dysfunction; this may be due to HIV infection, especially poor viral sup-pression, antiretroviral toxicity, and other risk factors in-cluding old age, female sex, diabetes, hypertension, injection drug use, smoking, and history of previous renal insults such as acute kidney injury [3–6]. The burden of renal dys- function among HIV patients differs across the globe; various studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa using different methods to define kidney disorders have reported a wide spectrum of prevalence rates ranging from 6% to 76%
